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  • Title: [(A1-D-alanine) insulin (author's transl)].
    Author: Geiger R, Geisen K, Summ HD, Langer D.
    Journal: Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem; 1975 Oct; 356(10):1635-49. PubMed ID: 1213677.
    Abstract:
    Starting from porcine insulin, A1-glycine was substituted by D-alanine and by L-alanine for comparison. Replacement of A1-glycine by L-alanine revealed the known decrease in the biological activity. [A1-D-Alanine]insulin, however, has the same blood sugar lowering activity as insulin and is slightly more active in its influence on the glucose uptake into the rat diaphragm. The specific binding to insulin receptors of rat liver is decreased as, compared to insulin, but increased as compared to the L-alanine analogue.
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