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  • Title: Multiple nuclear pseudogenes of mitochondrial DNA exist in the canine genome.
    Author: Ishiguro N, Nakajima A, Horiuchi M, Shinagawa M.
    Journal: Mamm Genome; 2002 Jul; 13(7):365-72. PubMed ID: 12140679.
    Abstract:
    Many copies of nuclear counterparts of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were found in nuclear DNA from sperm heads of the domestic dog, Canis familiaris, by DNA-DNA hybridization and DNA sequencing. Nuclear counterparts homologous to the mtDNA D-loop region were cloned into lambda phage vectors (EMBL4 and lambda gt11), and nucleotide sequences of seven different mtDNA pseudogenes were then determined. The seven pseudogenes were E3 (474 bp; 82% homology with canine mtDNA), E13 (1867 bp; 67%), 8B (2375 bp; 78%), 12A (2650 bp; 79%), 33 (4131 bp; 86%), 47 (4251 bp; 86%), and E17 (5721 bp; 71%). These seven mtDNA pseudogenes corresponded to portions of cytoplasmic mtDNA containing the genes ile, ND1, leu, 16S rRNA, val, 12S rRNA, phe, D-loop, pro, thr, cytb, and glu. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree constructed from 12S rRNA sequences in mtDNA pseudogenes 8B, 33, 47, and E17 and in 10 mtDNA fragments from other species showed that these four pseudogenes form a monophyletic clade with canine mtDNA. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on the 318-bp cytb region showed that the canine pseudogenes existed before the divergence of 17 related canids, and their divergence dates were calculated at around 4.4 to 8.6 million years ago.
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