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  • Title: [On the Cairo polemic: a comparative perspective].
    Author: Vilar D.
    Journal: Sex Planeam Fam; 1994; (3):8-12. PubMed ID: 12179255.
    Abstract:
    The International Conference on Population and Development held in Cairo in early September 1994 dealt with the subjects of sexuality and reproduction as well as the relationships of population growth, economic development, the environment, and population policies. The preceding conferences were held in Bucharest in 1974 and in Mexico City in 1984. At the 1974 conference a call for a new international order was voiced. China was in the midst of the Cultural Revolution and she rejected any suggestion of control of population growth, while the Vatican defended its traditional views against family planning and abortion. At the 1984 conference a number of developing countries already expressed the need for control of population growth in combination with the promotion of economic development. The US position under the Reagan Administration dismissed the idea that population growth presented a threat to stability and the environment, maintaining that economic growth would provide the solution. It also attacked the right to abortion and terminated its assistance to international family planning organizations. China introduced a new one-child family planning policy and this time she advocated the use of family planning. The 1994 Cairo Conference occurred in the wake of the end of the Cold War, the consolidation of the European Union, and the emergence of the threat of AIDS. It focused on the pivotal issue of the situation of women while emphasizing economic development. There was also progress in the final resolution compared to previous conferences: incorporation of the concepts of sexual and reproductive health, family planning, fertility regulation, safe motherhood, the elimination of unsafe abortion, the need for sex education, and the sexual health of young people. These items were forcefully opposed by the Vatican and Islamic fundamentalists. Nongovernmental organizations played a major role in preparing the final document, which stressed the interconnectedness of poverty and population growth.
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