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  • Title: [Changing pattern of National Family Planning and Fertility Survey in Korea].
    Author: Kim SK, Kong SK.
    Journal: Bogeon sahoe nonjib; 1991 Dec; 11(2):1-18. PubMed ID: 12179747.
    Abstract:
    The authors review the evolution since the 1960s of South Korea's family planning and fertility survey programs. "In the 1960s, research was interested in respondents' contraception knowledge and practice rate and in the relationships between contraceptive knowledge and the practice rate....[The] major research emphasis in the 1970s and 1980s was measuring fertility and finding obstacles or problems to family planning projects." Recommendations for future research are made. (SUMMARY IN ENG) There have been 14 surveys on family planning (FP) and fertility in Korea since the 1960s. The surveys focused on contraceptives in the 1960s and included questions on knowledge of FP, side effects, and contraceptive-failure pregnancies. The 1964 National Survey involved 4008 ever-married women aged 15-54 years, while the 1968 National Fertility Survey enrolled 7477 ever-married women aged 15-49 years from 8774 households. Pregnancy and fertility as a consequence of FP was the focus in the 1970s. The 1971 National Fertility Survey interviewed 6285 ever-married women aged 15-54 years from 6860 households. While the 1979 National FP Survey interviewed 14,303 ever-married women aged 15-49 years from 19,788 households. In the 1980s, management and integration were spotlighted, including future directions of FP projects, and evaluation of effects of FP education, and maternal an child health (included as of the 1982 survey). The 1988 National Fertility and Family Health Survey included 7792 women aged 15-49 years from 11,864 households. Those who did not practice contraception were targeted for education. Research in the 1970s and 1980s emphasized fertility and obstacles to FP projects. Contraceptive practice, induced abortion, and marital changes were the main factors affecting the fertility decline. Urban poverty projects, the population education program, and policy implications of low fertility were the highlights of the reports in 1970-89. Yet, contraceptive behavior, induced abortion, and attitudes toward children were not treated extensively. Fertility has reached below-replacement level; therefore ascertaining the impact of a low fertility rate on the individual and the family system is appropriate and entails the analysis of women's roles and the prevention of family problems. Induced abortion could be prevented by contraceptive education, supervision of contraceptive on services, and reducing the side-effects of contraception. The government ought to support socially desirable, new FP projects.
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