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  • Title: Bradykinins and their precursor cDNAs from the skin of the fire-bellied toad (Bombina orientalis).
    Author: Chen T, Orr DF, Bjourson AJ, McClean S, O'Rourke M, Hirst DG, Rao P, Shaw C.
    Journal: Peptides; 2002 Sep; 23(9):1547-55. PubMed ID: 12217414.
    Abstract:
    Bradykinin and (Thr(6))-bradykinin have been identified in the defensive skin secretion of the fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis. The homologous cDNAs for both peptides were cloned from a skin library using a 3'- and 5'-RACE strategy. Kininogen-1 (BOK-1) contained an open-reading frame of 167 amino acid residues encoding four repeats of bradykinin, and kininogen-2 (BOK-2) contained an open-reading frame of 161 amino acid residues encoding two repeats of (Thr(6))-bradykinin. Alignment of both precursor nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed a high degree of structural similarity. These amphibian skin kininogens/preprobradykinins are not biologically analogous to mammalian kininogens.
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