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  • Title: Two doses of oral ketamine, given with midazolam, for premedication in children.
    Author: Astuto M, Disma N, Crimi E.
    Journal: Minerva Anestesiol; 2002; 68(7-8):593-8. PubMed ID: 12244290.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Oral premedication is common practice in paediatric anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of premedication using oral ketamine, with midazolam. METHODS: Clinical randomized and blind-study on 120 patients, aged between 2 and 6 years, listed for minor surgery. Patients were divided in three groups: first group (group MK1) received midazolam and ketamine at the doses of 0.3 mgxkg-1 and 1 mgxkg-1, respectively; the second (group MK2) received 0.3 mgxkg-1 of midazolam and 2 mgxkg-1 of ketamine; the control group 0.5 mgxkg-1 of midazolam (group M). Success of premedication was assessed by assigning 1-4 points to the quality of anxiolysis and sedation every 5 min after drug administration and then at the moment of separation from parents, entrance to theatre and response to mask induction of general anaesthesia. RESULTS: More patients were successfully premedicated in the MK2 group, statistical significance was observed after 20 min (p<0.05). The MK2 group accepted separation from parents (p<0.05) and face mask for induction of anaesthesia (p<0.05) more willingly. Side effects were observed in 4 MK2 group patients (nausea, headache and diplopia), but all these effects resolved spontaneously. CONCLUSIONS: Two mgxkg-1 of ketamine given orally with midazolam improve anxiolysis and sedation and achieve more success of premedication, better acceptance of parental separation and better acceptance of face mask for induction of anaesthesia.
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