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  • Title: Effect of the combined steroidal contraceptives (Gynanovlar 21 and Lyndiol 2.5) on the human adrenocortical and ovarian activities.
    Author: Zaki K, Kamal I, Talaat MM, Rashad S, Nour H.
    Journal: Egypt Popul Fam Plann Rev; 1972 Jun; 5(1):41-65. PubMed ID: 12256027.
    Abstract:
    20 women using Gynanovlar 21 (3 mg norethisterone acetate, .05 mg ethinyl estradiol) for 3, 6, or 12 months; 20 women using Lyndiol 2.5 (2.5 mg Lynoestrenol, .075 mg mestranol) for the same durations; and 10 controls were selected for study at Ghamra Army Hospital in Egypt. The mean level of plasma 17-hydroxycorticoids in 3-month Gynanovlar users was higher but insignificantly so than the mean control level. However, 6-month and 12-month levels were significantly higher (p greater than .02, p greater than .01) than the 3-month level. The differences between 3-month and control values and between 3-month and both 6-month and 12-month values were significant (p greater than .01 in all cases) for Lyndiol users. In general Lyndiol values for 17-hydroxcorticoids were higher than the corresponding Gynanovlar values. In both Gynanovlar and Lyndiol users urinary 17-ketosteroids were at lower levels than control. Lyndiol values were lower. The mean values in both groups decreased with treatment. Urinary 17-ketogenic steroids decreased in all cases except 3-month and 6-month Gynanovlar users. Urinary estriol showed comparatively low levels in the contraceptive groups (Cycle Day 20-22). Urinary pregnandiol was low in all except 2 test cases, indicating low progesterone levels and absence of ovulation. Serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase were always found to be within normal limits. Vaginal smears indicated a great shift to the middle, showing low estrogen effect. Clumping and curling in the intermediate cells indicated the progesterone effect was only partially established. In 12-month Lyndiol users a slight shift to the right was seen. Endometrial biopsies (Days 20-22) in general showed few to moderate numbers of glands low to tall columnar epithelium, tubular gland cavity with no evidence of any secretion in the cells or cavity itself, and slight to moderate adifferentiation of the stroma. The recorded rise in plasma 17-hydroxycorticoids is thought probably due to the estrogen component of the pills and its effect on transcortin. Lyndiol, being more estrogenic, assumedly raised levels higher for this reason. Normal values for the 2 transaminases showed normal liver function.
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