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  • Title: The decline of fertility in Peninsular Malaysia.
    Author: Hirschman C, Fernandez D.
    Journal: Genus; 1980; 36(1/2):93-127. PubMed ID: 12263330.
    Abstract:
    A detailed analysis of fertility trends in Peninsular Malaysia from 1947 through 1974, based on annual period rates from vital statistics data and cumulative fertility measures from the 1947, 1957, and 1970 censuses, is presented. Fertility levels from 1947 to 1957 were quite high and possibly increasing, with a crude birth rate in the middle 40s. A rapid decline among all major ethnic groups brought the crude birth rate from 46 in 1956 to 31 in 1974, while over the same period the general fertility rate dropped from 210 to 130 births per 1000 women of reproductive age. Decomposition of changes in the crude birth rate from 1958 to 1970 indicates that most of the decline in the crude birth rate was due to rising average age at marriage, and the rest to small declines in marital fertility. The fall in total fertility rates ranged from 1.2 births per woman among Malays to 3.2 births per woman among Indians between 1958 and 1974. Signs of declining marital fertility among Malay and Indian women in their late 20s and 30s appeared in the late 1960s, but the principal element in their fertility decline was delayed marriage. In 1957 over half of Malay and Indian women aged 15-19 were married, while in 1970 only 1 in 5 were. Changes in age structure reinforced the decline of the Malay crude birth rate but offset part of the reduction of age-specific fertility among Chinese and Indians. Substantial reductions in proportions currently married were important for all ethnic groups. Future fertility declines will depend primarily on changes in marital fertility rates because the age structure will be favorable to higher fertility and marriage postponement is already advanced.
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