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  • Title: [True and false regarding the genetic risks in contraception].
    Author: Moraine C.
    Journal: Contracept Fertil Sex (Paris); 1981 Nov; 9(11):717-28. PubMed ID: 12263492.
    Abstract:
    This paper reviews the published literature on pregnancy outcome after termination of oral contraception (OC) and of pregnancies during OC treatment. Frequency of spontaneous abortion is not increased for pregnancies after termination of OC, and the responsibility of abortion for chromosome abnormalities is not greater than in any other case of spontaneous abortion. The frequency of fetal death is also not increased, nor are there any significant changes in sex ratio, birth weight, or term deliveries. Frequency of mongolism is also not greater and it seems more related to maternal age and length of OC treatment; it may be advisable for women with irregular cycles to wait at least 2 cycles after OC treatment before conceiving, especially if they are over 30. Malformations in babies born to mothers who have interrupted OC are not more frequent than in the general population; socioeconomic conditions and maternal age seem in this case more relevant than OC duration; intelligence of newborns is similarly not affected. The analysis of pregnancies during OC treatment, or pregnancy due to OC failure, gives different results. According to some authors the frequency of newborns with cardiac malformations is 2-6 times greater than in the general population, and malformations of arms and legs can be 4 times greater; risk of mongolism seems not to be increased. Authors disagree strongly on the possibility and/or frequency of malformations in children conceived during OC use; even if OC is the cause of increased risk of malformations, such increases are never greater than 2%.
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