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  • Title: Spain [is growing market, but family life is still conservative]. Country profile.
    Author: Newcomb L.
    Journal: Int Demogr; 1984 Nov; 3(11):4-7. PubMed ID: 12266548.
    Abstract:
    This discussion of Spain focuses on regions and cities, ethnicity and religion, age distribution, households and families, literacy and education labor force the economy, women, and sources of information. Spain, at one time a mainly agrarian society, is shifting towards a more industrialized civilization. Concurrent with industrialization is a migration of workers from rural to urban areas. Spain has an estimated 1984 population of 38,717,000 of which 77% reside in urban areas. Approximately 28% live in the 3 metropolitan cities of Madrid, Bilbao, and Barcelona. 10 years ago only 70% of the population lived in any urban area. Spain's annual population growth rate currently stands at 0.5%, a marked decrease from the 1.05% average annual growth rate between 1960-80. Compared with other major Western European countries, Spain is sparsely populated with an average of only 196 people per square mile. There are 4 major ethnic groups in Spain. The largest is Spanish, which accounts for 72.8% of the population. The gypsy population numbers approximately 200,000 and is a minority group that is not fully integrated into Spanish society. Open practice of all religions is now permitted in Spain, and Roman Catholicism is no longer sanctioned as the official religion of the country. Over 90% of the population report themselves as Roman Catholic. Spain has 1 of the youngest population in Europe with 41% of the population under age 24. 11% are age 65 years or older. The birth and death rates, 19.4 and 8.2/1000 respectively in 1974, declined to 13.0 and 7.0 in 1983. Life expectancy is 73 years. Families in Spain tend to be extended families. The average household often consists of 3 generations. Single person households are a rarity. The literacy rate, defined by the number of adults age 15 or older who can read and write, has risen sharply from 87% in 1974 to 97% in 1981. Spain has the highest jobless rate in Western Europe. At the end of May 1984 the unemployment rate was 20% in a work force of 13.2 million. From 1965-74 the Spanish economy achieved an unprecedented average annual growth rate of 7%, making it the 2nd fastest growing industrialized country in the world. Occupational barriers exist that restrict most women from meaningful employment in the Spanish work place.
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