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  • Title: Republic of Austria. Country profile.
    Author: Newcomb LC.
    Journal: Int Demogr; 1985 Jul; 4(7):1-6. PubMed ID: 12267023.
    Abstract:
    A summary description of Austria's demographic situation, economic conditions, labor force characteristics, housing conditions, household characteristics, and marriage patterns is provided. Austria, the former center of the Hapsburg Empire, covers 32,375 square miles and is divided into 9 provinces, including Vienna, the federal capital. Austria's population increased from 6.9 million in 1950 to 7.6 million in 1980. Since 1980 it declined slightly and in 1985 it was estimated to be 7,487,000. Between 1961-81, the industrial, western region of the country grew more rapidly than the predominantly rural eastern section of the country. Vienna, the largest city in the country, experienced a decline in population size from 1.9 million to 1.5 million since 1923. Part of the decline was due to the annihilation of the city's Jewish population in 1938. Austria has a lower urban population (56%) than most other industrialized countries. This low rate reflects the availability of tourist related jobs in the rural areas. 98% of the population is Austrian, the official language is German, and most of the inhabitants are Roman Catholic. Due to the homogeneity of the population, the country has few religious and racial problems; however, a recent study indicated that about 1/2 of the population has anti-Semetic attitudes. Life expectancy is 69 years for men and 76 years for women. Austria's population is aging. Currently, 18% of the population is under 15 years of age, and 14% is 65 years of age or older. Births are expected to increase slightly until the end of the 1900s and then decline slightly. Austrians place a high value on children and family life. Between 1978-82 the marriage rate increased from 4.5/1000 to 4.8/1000, and the median age at marriage increased from 22.4-23.0 years for women and from 25.6-25.8 years for men. The number of divorces/year increased from 11,168-14.298 between 1976-82. Currently, there are 2,767,000 households, and the average household size is 2.6 persons. The proportion of single family member households increased in recent years. Most urban dwellers live in apartments, and 20% of the dwelling in Vienna are owned by the government. Education is stressed and students take their education seriously. 41% of all students in higher education in 1980 were female. Austria's labor force is well educated, and 30% are engaged in manufacturing; 20%, in commercial, social, and personal services, 175, in commerce and hotel services; and 10%, in the primary sector. Labor disputes are generally resolved by an unofficial coalition of representatives from industry, labor unions, and the government. Strikes rarely occur. Average earning are US$850/month. Imported labor was used to supplement a deficiency in the supply of labor in the 1960s and 1970s. Currently, few imported laborers are used, and the country has some unemployment. Austria was not seriously affected by the recent economic recession. In 1985 the gross domestic product is expected to increase by 3.0%, the country has a favorable trade balance, and the economic outlook for the country is good.
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