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  • Title: Indonesia (country/area statements).
    Journal: Asian Pac Popul Programme News; 1985 Sep; 14(3):11-4. PubMed ID: 12267447.
    Abstract:
    According to this statement presented to the Committee on Population of the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, the 3 main problems of the Indonesian population concern growth, distribution, and the quality of the population in relation to socioeconomic development. At the beginning of the 1st 5-year development plan in 1969, fertility was estimated at 44/1000, mortality at 19/1000, and infant mortality at 140; by 1984, the crude birth rate was 34/1000, the crude death rate 12/1000, and the growth rate about 2.2%. Infant mortality is expected to drop to 70/1000 by 1988. Development and improvements in nutrition, public health, and curative medicine have been responsible for most of the mortality decline. The major causes of death are infectious and parasitic diseases. The decline in fertility has been attributed to the family planning program; currently 55% of eligible couples practice family planning. The maldistribution of the population among the 13,677 islands of the archipelago is due to geographic factors as well as to the former colonial policy favoring the island of Java. A resettlement program resettled 500,000 persons during the 3rd plan period starting in 1979, and the 4th plan aims to resettle about 750,000 people from Java, Bali, and Lombok. Migration between islands has been increasing because of differentials in the speed of development. The urban population is expected to increase from 22% in 1980 to 40% by 2000. Jakarta's population of 6.5 million is expected to increase to 15 million and the national population from 165 million to 216 million. Studies are underway to identify ways of improving the physical and nonphysical qualities of the population to increase productivity and creativity. In the past decade, teaching and research as well as information, education, and communication efforts have spread to all parts of the country. Present government policy is gradually to shift responsibility for family planning to the community, with the Women's Programme for Family welfare run by village women leaders in each of the 66,000 villages serving as the main channel. Indonesian volunteer organizations in population and family planning are playing an important role at the grassroots level. Migration data in Indonesia is available only for destinations. Most of the rural migration from Java, Bali and Lombok consists of participants in government resettlement programs. Recent studies have shown that natural increase contributed about 60% to urbanization, rural-urban migration about 30%, and reclassification about 10%. The community oriented primary health care program has established new health centers and significantly increased health manpower. To enhance the role of women in socioeconomic development, the family planning program has introduced income-generating schemes in rural areas throughout the country. A network of information services on population and family planning has been established, and the government is working on the Indonesian Population Plan of Action to provide a longterm perspective on integrating population and development.
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