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  • Title: Thailand (Country/Area Statements).
    Journal: Asian Pac Popul Programme News; 1985 Sep; 14(3):34-5. PubMed ID: 12267456.
    Abstract:
    This discussion of Thailand reviews population growth, fertility and mortality, migration and urbanization, the integration of population and development, the role of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in population activities, and the field of population training. The 1980 census reported a population of about 44.8 million; the 1970 census count was about 34.4 million. Both were most likely undercounts. Because of a rapid reduction in fertility after 1970, changes in the age structure of the population became apparent during the last decade. The percentage share of population under 15 years of age dropped from 45% in 1970 to 40% in 1980, while the 15-64 age group rose from 52% to 55% during the same period. The over 65 age group increased from 3% to 5%. The rate of population growth decreased to 2.5% and 2.1% in 1976 and 1980, respectively. A target rate of 1.5% has been set to be realized by the end of the 5th National Economic and Social Development Plan (1982-86). After 1960, the year before the 1st plan took off, the high birthrate started to decline slightly. The 1964-65 Survey of Population Change (SPC) revealed a birthrate of about 42/1000. Another survey in 1974-75 showed that the crude birthrate had declined to 35.6/1000 as compared with an estimate of 26.0/1000 in 1983. The reduction in the fertility rate varied from region to region with the North showing the most rapid reduction in fertility between 1964-73. The 1st SPC revealed a crude death rate of 11/1000 in 1964-65 for the whole country. This rate is currently estimated to be about 7.5/1000. Family planning has been integrated into Thailand's health service program since 1973, and performance has been impressive. The number of new acceptors surpassed the target of 3.6 million during the 4th plan period. The Contraceptive Prevalence Survey (CPS) revealed that the percentage of married women aged 15-49 who were practicing various methods of contraception was about 51 in 1978 and about 59 in 1981; the rate had been 35% in 1974-75. At this time, about 62% of urban dwellers or more than 5 million people earn their living in Bangkok Metropolis; the remainder live in scattered small towns. Being the center of employment opportunities, the flow of migrants from the countryside to Bangkok is highest compared with other interregional movements. There has been a major stream of an estimated 230,000 Thai workers to the Middle East in 1983. The integration of population and development continues to be limited and obscure in the planning process, but Thailand has had for some time a population planning unit in the national planning agency to enable it to integrate population into development planning. NGOs have played a key role in family planning and population quality improvement activities in Thailand. In the field of population training, Thailand has 4 national academic institutions involved in demographic training at the master's and doctorate levels.
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