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  • Title: Twenty Point Programme.
    Author: Harichandran C.
    Journal: Yojana; ; 31(18):4-8. PubMed ID: 12280944.
    Abstract:
    India's revised 20 point program, announced in 1985-86, is aimed at the eradication of poverty and the promotion of social welfare within the context of constitutional rights. Areas covered by the program include: poverty alleviation, rural employment, land distribution, education, health, family welfare, Scheduled Castes and Tribes, water, rural housing, and nutrition. Recent antipoverty programs have targeted small farmers, landless agricultural workers, and Scheduled Castes, with the objective of generating more productive employment through the development of economic opportunities in rural areas. The number of people living below the poverty line has dropped from 47% at the beginning of the 6th Plan to 36% at the beginning of the 7th Plan. At present, the emphasis is on the poorest of the poor, defined by incomes of Rs 4800 or below. Surplus land is being distributed to provide an asset base for the large numbers of rural landless poor. In terms of social services, universal education among children 6-14 years is being prioritized and an additional 50 million children are expected to be enrolled under the 7th Plan. The infant mortality rate has dropped from 146/1000 in 1950 to 110/1000 in 1981. India's rural health infrastructure currently includes 83,000 subcenters, 11,000 primary health centers, and 650 community health centers. Family welfare forms an integral part of the 20-Point Program, which stresses the need for the promotion of family planning on a voluntary basis. By 1985, 32% of all eligible couples were practicing efficient fertility control and the goal is to raise this rate to 42%. Other objectives of the 7th Plan include a crude birth rate of 29/1000, a mortality rate of 10.4/1000, a 90% immunization rate, and 75% coverage in terms of antenatal care. The implementation of mass programs such as IRDP, NREP, and RIEGP is largely responsible for recent improvements in poverty alleviation and social welfare in India.
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