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  • Title: Metropolitan Lima: area profile.
    Author: Hakkert R.
    Journal: Int Demogr; 1986 Nov; 5(11):1-8. PubMed ID: 12281327.
    Abstract:
    This profile of metropolitan Lima, Peru, covers administrative divisions; population growth; age distribution; ethnicity and religion; housing and households; education and health care; economic activity, income, and consumption; transport and communication; and sources of information. Nearly 30% of Peru's entire population and 42% of its urban population live in Lima. The trend continues, yet Lima's urban primacy is waning due to the growth of some regional centers like Trujillo and Chimbote. Lima is still almost 10 times as large as the country's next ranking cities, Trujillo on the northern coast and Arequipa in the south. Peru's main administrative divisions are the 24 departments, of which the Department of Lima is one. These departments are further divided into 156 provinces. Greater Lima consists of 2 such provinces, the province of Lima and the constitutional province of Callao. Although the population of Lima continues to grow, its rate of growth slowed from about 5.5% during the 1960s to about 3.9% in the 1970s. Current projections estimate a metropolitan population of 6.7 million by 1990. On the whole, Lima's age structure is somewhat older than that of the rest of Peru. The median age of the population is 22.3 years, compared to a national figure of 20.4. The proportion of persons over age 65 is only 3.6%, lower than the national average of 4.1%, due to the tendency of in-migration to concentrate people of intermediate ages in the cities. Almost 400,000 inhabitants of greater Lima are bilingual in Spanish and an indigenous language. As elsewhere in Peru, the dominant religion is Roman Catholicism. Lima is a spread out city with few high rise buildings due to the danger of earthquakes. Only 12% of Lima's households are found in apartment buildings. As in other cities of Latin America, the formal housing market is beyond the reach of a major segment of the population. Consequently, much of the urban settlement has occurred through informal self-help construction. Only 2.7% of the metropolitan population over age 15 is illiterate, down from 5.4% in 1972 and 7.7% in 1961. In 1981 Lima had 93 hospitals with a total of 12,640 beds. In addition there were 102 health centers and 10 sanitary posts. Lima's economically active population totaled 1.53 million in 1981, 71% of whom were men. On average, each household has 1.8 income earners, and only 17% have more than 2. A 1978 survey revealed that the families of Lima spend an average of 45.2% of their incomes on food, 15.6% on housing and utilities, 9.8% on transport and communication, 7.4% on education, sports, and cultural activities, 7.3% on clothing, and 7.0% on furniture and housing maintenance.
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