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  • Title: A baseline study on neonatal tetanus in India.
    Author: Basu RN, Sokkey J.
    Journal: Pak Pediatr J; 1982; 6(2-3):184-97. PubMed ID: 12282428.
    Abstract:
    In 1980 sample surveys were collected to provide reliable baseline data on neonatal tetanus and poliomyelitis in India. Surveys were prepared by the Directorate General of Health Services, along with the Indian Council of Medical Research and WHO. Each state consisting of populations with more than 20,000,000 were surveyed separately; union territories were surveyed along with neighboring states. States with less than 20,000,000 were grouped together, forming one unit. Rural and urban areas were surveyed separately, 16 urban, 15 rural. A sample of 2,000 live births were collected with 67 live births recorded at each of the 30 birth sites throughout wards and villages. House to house visits by health workers recorded the survey's findings. Estimates based on the mortality rates of neonatal tetanus in 12 states in the survey suggest 90,657 to 115,935 neonatal deaths occur annually. Annually 159,818 to 204,380 children die within the 1st months of life due to tetanus. Total number of cases of tetanus deaths reported is, however 48,651 on an annual average. Neonatal tetanus can be prevented by safe delivery services and successfully immunizing pregnant women. Neonatal tetanus mortality rates were lower in urban areas than rural, in some states where deliveries were performed in hospitals with trained personnel, and mothers were protected by tetanus toxoid immunization. Tetanus toxoid vaccination is included in the expanded program on immunization (EPI), and during the year covered 8,000,000 pregnant women, 35% of the eligible populations with 2 doses of TT vaccine. By 1990, 100% of the pregnant women will be provided with vaccination services. Children have been given TT vaccinations since 1980, these in the last classes of secondary schools. Girls were given only a booster shot during subsequent pregnancies. Overall, both maternal and child health services are being significantly improved and upgraded to include antenatal, natal, and postnatal care with an inclusion of dias training.
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