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  • Title: [Transformations of the rural Colombian family].
    Author: Ordonez Gomez M.
    Journal: Profamilia; 1991 Jun; 7(17):28-37. PubMed ID: 12284193.
    Abstract:
    This work analyzes sociodemographic changes affecting rural Colombian families in the past 15-20 years. The most recent sources of data on Colombia's rural population are the 1985 census, the 1988 Rural Household Survey, and the 1990 Survey of Contraceptive Prevalence, Demography, and Health. Among the most significant changes observed since the preceding census, in 1973, were declines in illiteracy and increases in educational status, increased economic participation of women, declines in fertility and infant mortality, and declining participation in agriculture and diversification in other rural activities. The absolute size of Colombia's rural population has not changed since 1973 but its relative weight has declined from 39% to 32% in 1985. Due to the fertility decline the proportion of the population under 15 has declined from 48% in 1973 too 39% in 1990. The rural total fertility rate was estimated at 3.8 children per woman in 1987-90 and the crude birth rate at 27/1000. The total fertility rate is much higher in some regions and among some groups of women. The most important determinant of rural fertility decline has been family planning. Between 1969-90, the proportion of rural women using contraception has increased from 10 to 60%. 47% of women in union do not desire more children, with poorly educated mothers of 3 or more children least likely to want more children. A 1990 estimate of infant mortality based on the contraceptive prevalence survey was 36/1000 in rural and 28/1000 in urban areas. Although the overall infant mortality rate has declined by 37% in 25 years, significant regional and socioeconomic differentials persist. Acute diarrheal disease is still the single most important cause of death in children under 5, followed by acute respiratory infections. The main cause of death for adults aged 15-44 is homicide. Among fertile-aged women the most important causes of illness and death are nutritional deficiencies and poor attention in deliveries and abortions. In 1990, 68% of rural women received prenatal care from a physician. Half were attended at delivery by a physician, 15% by a nurse, and 22% by a traditional midwife. 60% of deliveries occurred in health services. 42% of fertile-aged rural women are married and 21% are in consensual unions. The median age at birth of the 1st child increased from 20.7 years in 1986 to 21.2 in 1990. The average household size of rural families in 1990 was 5.0 members. 59% of rural households contained nuclear families, 29% extended, 7% compound, and 5% single individuals. 17% of rural households are headed by women. An estimated 70% of rural households in 1985 did not have their basic needs for housing and economic security met. 43% were estimated to be extremely impoverished. 15% of the rural population over age 5 was illiterate in 1990. 60% of children aged 6-10 were enrolled in school. The activity rate of rural women increased from 17.9% in 1978 to 28.6% in 1988.
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