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  • Title: Women's participation and Jawahar Rozgar Yojana.
    Author: Mukherjee N.
    Journal: Yojana; 1993 Sep 15; 37(16):12-4. PubMed ID: 12286901.
    Abstract:
    The focus of discussion is on a case study of the village Avale in Tehsil Murbad, Thane district, Maharashtra province, India, as means of showing the importance of creating assets in favor of rural poor for their direct and continuing benefit, and of improving the overall quality of life of the poor in rural areas. Poverty programs must better designed to meet the needs of rural women. Progress has been made in placing women in local panchayats, but these women must be vocal and effective to offset the controls by men. Women must also be involved in the planning, decision making, and implementation of programs as a bottom-up approach, since male dominance appears at the informal and formal village group level. Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JYR) is a rural development program that aims to generate employment opportunities in rural areas. The basic needs and priorities of women in rural areas must be considered in employment schemes, as women have social responsibility for gathering fuel, fodder, and food, which may be very time consuming and involve long distance. In the case study village, women are weak and anemic but must still carry on their social responsibilities; the JYR scheme in social forestry have had benefits, but the program overlooked the needs of poor tribal women. In a visit in January 1993, men and women were asked to draw maps of their villages. The womens map highlighted the paths women follow to collect water, fuel, and fodder and houses where the women go to collect resources. Continued conversation with the women revealed that their jobs also included, in off period of cultivation, weeding fields, and bamboo work. The men's map was clear and neat and showed the paths connecting the village to main roads outside the village. Observations were made that women spend 4 hours daily 5 days a week collecting fuel and fodder, and additional time is spent collecting for rainy seasons. Water is available from June to November, and then water is scarce and collected from a well and outside sources. Water collection involved 5 kms of walking. Cooking involved an hour or so. If women's time in fuel and water collection could be reduced, there would be sufficient time for income generation and child care. The social forestry activity was in planting Khair trees, which could not be used for fuel or fodder, but helped with men's jobs.
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