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  • Title: Population and food problems in Indonesia.
    Author: Rusli S.
    Journal: Majalah Demografi Indones; 1979 Jun; 6(11):46-81. PubMed ID: 12312142.
    Abstract:
    This discussion examines the relationship between population growth and food problems in Indonesia and their connection with the total food production requirement particularly of staples or basic foods in the country. In 1976 Indonesia's population numbered about 130 million. The uneven distribution of population by regions is 1 of the outstanding features of Indonesia's demographic situation. The estimates of mortality levels for the period 1961-1971 mostly refer to life expectancies at birth over 40 years. Using 1971 census data Nicoli and Mamas estimated that life expectancy at birth in Indonesia during 1960-1970 was around 45-46 years. Heligman, considering the situation of economics, food, health facilities, and so forth questioned that there was a considerable improvement in mortality levels during the 1960s compared with that in the 1950s. In the 1960-1970 period the infant mortality rate was estimated at about 143/1000 births. The crude birthrate was around 43-44/1000 for the whole of Indonesia over the 1970-1971 period. Currently, Indonesia is implementing a family planning program which the government adopted in 1968. The recent estimate of crude birthrate is about 38/1000. Indonesia's projected population in 1990-1991 ranges from 180-202 million; its range will be from 209-272 million around the year 2000. A wide range of foods is produced in Indonesia, but some are more prominent than others. These are the basic foods such as rice, corn (maize), cassava. The availability of food production per head per year in Indonesia is at this time relatively similar to what it was in the pre World War 2 period, although rice production per head per year has increased in recent years due to wet land extensification and the involvement of Indonesia in the green revolution. Non-rice basic food available per head continues to seem far below that in the pre World War 2 period. Population increase is in part responsible for the deteriorating non-rice basic food available per head per year and the relatively constant level of rice available per head per year. In Indonesia the food consumption level has been unsatisfactory for decades. Official figures showed average protein consumption originating from cattle and poultry in 1969 and 1970 and was only 2.22 and 2.07 grams per head per day. Rice is the most popular basic food. The better availability of food per head has failed to directly improve the average consumption level of the mass population. By means of new dimensions of development, e.g., the family planning program and the green revolution, the country manages to feed its people. In the future, considerable effort will be required to improve the average level of food consumption and to solve other food problems.
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