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  • Title: Population planning: a well co-ordinated approach required.
    Journal: Asian Pac Popul Programme News; 1984; 13(1):17-9. PubMed ID: 12313052.
    Abstract:
    This discussion combines information obtained from 5 countries in the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) region on the role of population planning in the context of integrated policies and programs. The countries were asked what specific aspects of the present population policy and program would require concentrated inputs in order to achieve stated goals and targets. In Indonesia 2 program areas are identified for intensification: the organized transmigration scheme which aims at a balanced distribution of population and exploitation of potential resources throughout the country, including islands outside Java and Bali; and the national family planning program as a whole, in order to achieve the target of 60% prevalence rate of contraceptive use among eligible couples in 1990 and a decline of the crude birthrate from 33/1000 to 23/1000 by that date. Both programs are receiving high priority. Nepal policy and programs are aimed at achieving replacement level fertility by 2000. Steps that have been initiated in Bangladesh include intensive motivation activities with strong media inputs, the maintenance of a regular and adequate supply of contraceptives at the doorstep of clients, and strengthening the multisectoral program. The Philippines National Population Program advocates and promotes 4 norms in order to achieve a population growth rate of 2%, a prevalence rate of 54%, and contraceptive effectiveness of 80% by 1987: small family size; birth spacing; delayed marriages; and reduced incidence of teenage pregnancies. The goals envisaged for India are a reduction in the crude birthrate to not more than 21/1000, crude death rate of not more than 9/1000, and an infant mortality rate of less than 60/1000 live births by 2000. Concentrated efforts will be needed in the use of mass media and interpersonal communication strategies with services and supplies being provided as close to the doorstep of the acceptor as possible. In most countries of the region explicit or implicit incentives and/or disincentives are included in the population/family planning program. In the Philippine Population Program, incentives are explicitly given only to volunteer program workers. Disincentives are incorporated in the Internal Revenue Code and the Woman and Child Labor Code. In Indonesia preference is given to incentives rather than to disincentives. The government of Bangladesh is seriously considering the introduction of a package deal of incentives and disincentives in an all out effort to reach desired demographic objectives. In Nepal such a package is already in operation. The more recent innovative measures to encourage the 2-child child family norm in India include: increased compensation money to acceptors of sterilization and IUD and giving lottery tickets to acceptors of sterilization. There is recognition in these countries of the need for an integrated approach to population and development programs.
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