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  • Title: Community variations in infant and child mortality in rural Jordan.
    Author: Edmonston B.
    Journal: J Dev Areas; 1983 Jul; 17(4):473-89. PubMed ID: 12313174.
    Abstract:
    Data reported were derived from the household interview and community inventory of the Jordan Fertility Survey of 1976 in this exploratory study of infant and child mortality in Jordan. The basic data for this study are mortality ratios, by age and sex, for the 232 communities of the Jordan Fertility Survey. Because the community inventory was limited to 62 communities in rural Jordan, the multivariate statistical analysis was restricted to the 62 rural communities. Mortality ratios were calculated to express the community's mortality relative to the Jordanian national average. First, all 19,574 children living during 1966-75 in Jordan were used to calculate by sex the probability of living from birth to age 1 and the probability of living from age 1-3 years. These age groups were used to compare infant mortality (1st year of life) and early childhood mortality (the 2nd and 3rd years of life). The survival probabilities from the JFS are as follows: females, birth to age 1-.9226; age 1 to age 3-.9803; males, birth to age 1-.9354; age 1 to age 3-.9813. Second, all 19,574 children were aggregated by sex and year of birth for the 232 communities. The number actually alive at age 1 and age 3 was compared to the number expected to be alive with national survival probabilities. The mortality ratio centers on the national average, 1.0 by definition, and shows worse conditions when greater than 1.0 and better conditions when less than 1.0. 6 mortality ratios were calculated for each of the 232 communities and are the dependent variables for the analysis reported here, with the prime focus on 62 rural communities. The average mortality ratio for both sexes, from birth to age 1, is .87 for all 232 communities. Mortality is higher in the 62 rural communities than in the 170 urban communities. Overall infant mortality for both sexes is 13% higher in rural than in all Jordanian comminities. Mortality in the 1st year of life is somewhat higher, with females somewhat more disadvantaged in rural communities. During the 2nd and 3rd years of life, mortality is considerably higher in rural communities, suggesting that these age groups should be of special concern in programs dealing with the health of children in rural areas. 3 variables emerge as potential factors affecting a community's level of infant mortality: the average level of female education; health resources; and urban access. This finding suggests that there are 2 processes associated with lower infant mortality: family welfare, measured by the average level of female education, in which better family conditions help improve the child's survival during the 1st year of life; and the community's ability to intervene in the case of a child threatened by mortality, either with immediate health care in the community or with easier access to other communities.
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