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  • Title: Peru's population in the 1980s.
    Author: Sanders TG.
    Journal: UFSI Rep; 1984 Dec; (27):1-9. PubMed ID: 12313654.
    Abstract:
    In this discussion of Peru's population in the 1980s, attention focuses on the following; population growth; population policy and family planning; internal migration; and economic and social characteristics. Peru's rate of population growth was 1.8% annually between the censuses of 1940-61, a little less than 2.9% between 1961-71, and 2.7% in the decade preceding the 1981 census. These figures demonstrate that the national population is now growing at a less rapid rate than 1 or 2 decades ago but that Peru did not experience a marked drop like that in several other countries. As with overall population growth, the decline of fertility in Peru has been slow and gradual. During the past 20 years the crude birthrate dropped from 46.27 to 36.71/1000 and the total fertility rate from 6.85 to 5.00. The reason why Peru's population growth rate never exceeded 3% is a direct result of its exceptionally high mortality and infant mortality levels. Peru has a crude mortality rate of 10.74/1000 and an infant mortality rate of 98.63/1000. These are extremely high compared with other Latin American countries. Theoretically, the momentum of progress should be carrying Peru rapidly into the demographic transition. Some modernizing factors, i.e., improved health care, urbanization, communications, and education, are slowly reducing fertility and mortality, but progress on other factors such as per capita income and social mobility is not occurring. A table projects Per's population at various projected growth rates until 2025. Differences in fertility among Peruvian women indicate that family planning and contraception are relatively common in urban areas. The adoption of contraception occurred totally without government assistance before 1980, when policy changed. Until then, Peru was the only major Latin American country with population growing at over 2.5% annually that did not have some kind of public family planning program. In 1981 a survey on contraceptive use was conducted. Study results include: only 25% of women were currently using a contraceptive method, whether traditional or modern, though an additional 15% had used a method previously; and the methods used were largely traditional (rhythm or withdrawal), rather than modern. The 1981 census data reflect a change in migratory patterns during the previous decade. Lima, which grew precipitously after 1940, has slowed the pace of its growth. The flow to the coastal cities has declined somewhat. Although outmigration from the Sierra continues to exceed inmigration, the difference between them is much less, and a process of urbanization is occurring. Finally, the long hoped for population redistribution into the Oriente is now beginning to occur. Peru's economic crisis worsened during the past 3 years. Yet, despite an unimpressive economic performance in the past 2 decades, Peru has done a creditable job of responding to the educational needs of its population. The health of the population is reflected in the high mortality and infant mortality rates.
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