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  • Title: Size and characteristics of primary migrants in Egypt before and after the migration process.
    Author: Torki FG.
    Journal: Egypt Popul Fam Plann Rev; 1984 Jun; 18(1):33-86. PubMed ID: 12314288.
    Abstract:
    This paper examines the number and social, economic, and demographic characteristics of primary migrants, before and after migration, of urban to urban, rural to urban, urban to rural, and rural to rural migration in Egypt. Data come from 27,000 urban and 31,000 rural households sampled in the 1979 Internal Migration Differentiation Sample Survey in Egypt (EMS); Egypt's 1976 census also supplies data. Study results reveal the following: 1) 4/5 of primary (over age 15 and making independent migration decisions) male migrants move to urban areas, whereas 1/2 of females move to rural areas (7% of Egypt's population were primary migrants in 1979); 2) urban to urban migration equals rural to urban migration; 3) not less than 1/3 of primary migrants in 1979 were recent migrants (less than 10 years) compared to 1/2 in 1976; 4) youth dominates primary migration with 3/5 of males and 9/10 of females under age 30; 5) single and married migrants are about equal before migration, but most female migrants are married after migration; 6) migrants are better educated than nonmigrants in both rural and urban areas, and migration leads to some educational status improvement, especially for urban migrants; 7) migrants are mainly employed in agriculture and service before migration, but the professions, services, and administrative and clerical roles predominate after migration; 8) employment rates are higher for migrants, especially for migrants to urban areas; 9) migrants are more likely to hold white collar jobs at a destination than at an origin and usually have a higher occupational status than both the general population and nonmigrants had in 1976; 1) rural to urban migrants achieve the highest socioeconomic advancement.
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