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  • Title: Spotlight: Panama.
    Author: Patriquin W.
    Journal: Popul Today; 1988 Sep; 16(9):12. PubMed ID: 12315800.
    Abstract:
    In 1988, the population of Panama stood at 2.3 million, with a 2.2% rate of natural increase. There were 27 births and 5 deaths/1000 population (infant mortality rate, 25/1000), and a total fertility rate of 3.3. Migration to urban areas has been continuous since World War II, and about half the country's population is now based in cities. While those who live in urban areas and are employed in trade and Canal-related services have a relatively high standard of living, the rural population lives primarily at a subsistence level. The gross national product per capita is US$2330. Revenues from the Panama Canal, the largest source of income for the country, compensate for the difference between exports and imports. Current development plans are to reduce dependence on imported petroleum (the main item imported), develop natural resources, increase food production, and create jobs. Panama is unique among developing countries in that it has been passing rapidly through the transition from high fertility/rapid growth to low fertility/slow growth. This trend has been more a result of individual choice than of official population control efforts. Knowledge of contraceptive methods is almost universal at all levels of Panamanian society, and about 75% of ever-married women have practiced contraception at some point. Women with more than 7 years of education have an ever-use rate of 8r% compared with 47% among those with fewer than 4 years of education. A total fertility rate of 2.6 children/woman is projected by the year 2000 and replacement level (2.1) should be reached by 2025.
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