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  • Title: [Thoughts on the spatial distribution of population].
    Author: Borisovna L, Velez F.
    Journal: Temas Poblac; 1991 Dec; 1(4):17-22. PubMed ID: 12317224.
    Abstract:
    Preliminary results of Mexico's 1990 census indicate that during the past decade population distribution in Puebla followed the traditional Mexican pattern of concentration and dispersion. 10 of Puebla's 217 municipios had over 50,000 inhabitants and were home to 43.6% of the state's population on 8% of its territory. The municipios of the city of Puebla contained over 25% of the state population. 74 municipios had 10,000-40,000 inhabitants, or 42% of the population on 51% of the territory. The 133 municipios with populations under 10,000 contained 14% of the state population on 41% of its territory. The demographic growth of the state is clearly related to that of the capital. The city of Puebla absorbed 11% of the state population in 1940, 15% in 1960, and 26% in 1991. Its population of 1,054,921 in 1990 was much higher than that of the next largest city, Tehuacan, with 155,174. The Puebla metropolitan zone covers 1340 sq km and includes 16 municipios, 10 in the state of Puebla and 6 in Tlaxcala. 1980 statistics show that the metropolitan zone concentrated 37.5% of the state's industrial establishments, 50% of industrial capital investment, and 58% of industrial manpower, and generated 53% of crude industrial production. About 1/4 of immigrants to the state live in the city of Puebla. 65% of migrants are aged 15-49 years, vs. 49% of the native population. 44% of the native population but only 13% the immigrant population is aged under 15 years. 31% of migrants were aged 15-24 years when they moved to Puebla. A considerably higher proportion of migrants than natives to the city of Puebla are in consensual unions. Most migrant to Puebla come from nearby states: Veracruz, Tlaxcala, Oaxaca, and recently Mexico City. Slightly over 1/3 of nonnatives in the city of Puebla are from Puebla state. Inmigrants are evenly divided between those of rural and urban origin, but those of urban origin travelled farther to the city. Women predominated among rural migrants to the city in all age groups, especially in the 15-19 cohort. A large proportion of the migrants were more highly educated than the average city dweller. The average rate of growth of the working age population in the city was 6% from 1970-80, implying a need for 35,000 new jobs annually. But in 1980-90, only 10,000 new jobs were added each year. The relative importance of tertiary sector employment has increased significantly. A review of the population characteristics and spatial distribution of the city and state of Puebla strongly suggests that decentralization should be vigorously pursued as a means of improving the wellbeing of the population.
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