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  • Title: The economic contribution of children in peasant agriculture and the effect of education: evidence from the Philippines.
    Author: Mergos GJ.
    Journal: Pak Dev Rev; 1992; 31(2):189-201. PubMed ID: 12317661.
    Abstract:
    In the context of a commodity demand-labor supply framework, the interaction between education and child labor supply in peasant agriculture is explored with particular with particular attention to how child labor supply is related to farm-household characteristics; how adult and child labor supply and the cost of schooling are related in the agricultural household; and how the cost of schooling affects labor supply decisions for children. The analysis is conducted to better understand the behavioral model of consumption-leisure choice. Empirical evidence is drawn from a subset of 34 tenants and 60 landholders from 1978-79 Philippine farm-household survey data. The study found that increasing wage rates of adults and children increases labor supply and decreases demand for leisure. Labor supply of adults and children is upward-sloping and elastic, with the supply of child labor being more elastic. Given the complementarity between adult and child labor in farm operations, children make positive economic contributions to farm households in peasant agriculture. Education may therefore have only a limited impact in reducing fertility in rural households. It is instead recommended to develop policy aimed at reducing the demand for labor in agriculture operations or to provide income-generating opportunities for peasant households with interventions in the organization of peasant farming. This approach would bolster the degree of mass education and lead to eventual decreases in desired family size.
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