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  • Title: A feasible example of implementation of the one-child policy in the countryside: an evaluation of the results of implementation of family planning policies in Heishan County.
    Author: Qiao X.
    Journal: Chin J Popul Sci; 1992; 4(2):187-95. PubMed ID: 12317924.
    Abstract:
    The impact of the family planning (FP) program on fertility and contraceptive behavior in Heishan County of Liaoning Province, China, is examined in the periods before 1973, 1973-79, and 1980-84 and after 1984. A sample of 1906 women aged 15-64 years provided information on marital and fertility status. The average age at first marriage was high at 22.23 years for the period 1964-88. In the analysis of women age 30 years and older in 1988, it appears that the average age at first marriage declined as the average age of the women surveyed increased. The highest proportion of marriages were in the 18-24 year group. The trend has been for a high age at first marriage, a high late marriage rate, and a low early marriage rate. Recently, early marriage and the early marriage rate have increased somewhat. In the analysis of distribution of children according to the 4 stages of FP policy, it appears that women were having 2-4 children before FP went into effect. An FP movement in rural villages was begun after 1973 with the message of later, longer, and fewer; fertility dropped to 1-3 children and fertility was highest for 2 children followed by 24.2% having 1 child. 20.7% had 3 children, and very few had 4 or more children. Success was achieved during this period. After 1980, the 1-child policy went into effect. Between 1980 and 1984 in Heishan County, 76% of women had only 1 child and 21.4% had 2 children. Very few had 3 children and multiple parities were gone entirely. After 1985, a relaxed FP regime was practiced. Single parity women dropped to 62.9% and 2 parities rose by 5.4%. The relaxation did not have as strong an effect as in other parts of China because of the awareness and acceptance of the idea of FP and the moderate economic level. Fertility occurred primarily within 3 years in Heishan County (about 80%). The usual practice is to use natural birth control until the birth of the first child. The second birth occurs in 67.3% of the cases within 5 years. Multiparity fertility between 1973 and 1979 was 66.2%; 33.8% were unapproved parities and 26.5% were in areas lax in FP discipline. Between 1980 and 1984, 78.4% has 2 or more children and all were permitted under government policy. 13.7% did not comply and had children born locally, and 3.9% moved. After 1985, 87.6% complied with policy and 10.4% were unapproved. FP authorities worked closely with 8.7% of these cases without results and 1.7% were left alone.
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