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  • Title: Spotlight: Bosnia and Herzegovina.
    Journal: Popul Today; 1998 May; 26(5):7. PubMed ID: 12321555.
    Abstract:
    This article discusses the demographic outcomes of the end of the civil war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The war ended with the creation of the Bosnian Serb Republic and the Muslim-Croat Federation. In mid-1998, the population was 3.9 million. The population is smaller than it was before 1991, when Slovenia and Croatia separated from Yugoslavia. Many highly educated people left. Unemployment is an estimated 65-75%. Almost 500,000 soldiers must adjust to being civilians. In 1992, Muslims were 38% of total population, and Croats were 22% of total population. Muslims and Croats are now minorities in the Muslim-Croat Federation. The Serbs, who were 40% of the total population, led a civil war that was motivated by the desire for a Serb Republic. The Serbian "ethnic cleansing" created many thousands of refugees. Since the late 1995 Dayton Accord, about 400,000 refugees and displaced persons have returned to their prewar homes. Muslim-Croat Federation areas have received many refugees and have agreed to participate in the UN High Commissioner for Refugees' "open cities" project. About 1.5 million people are still scattered across Bosnia, Croatia, Yugoslavia, and Western Europe. Refugees are guaranteed under the Dayton Accord the right to return to their homes. However, returning means facing the dangers of land mines and other explosives in rural areas and being stoned along major roadways. Travelers rely on a few selected roads. Buses are considered a safe mode of transportation. The Serb Republic still defies the Dayton Accord, opposes the return of minorities, and enforces ethnic separation.
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