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  • Title: Women and the environment: the role of gender in effective natural resource management.
    Journal: Gend Action; 1998; 2(1):1-3. PubMed ID: 12321705.
    Abstract:
    This article discusses women's role in effective management of natural resources in developing countries. USAID and other international donors are responding to environmental degradation by recognizing the importance of daily life in developing countries and the individual potential to conserve natural resources. USAID requires that environmental projects take into account a host of factors associated with women, especially women's poverty. More than 50% of the 1.3 billion living in poverty (expenditures of under $1/day) are women. Rural women are especially disadvantaged. The number of people living in poverty has increased for women by 47% and for men by 30%. Natural resource management (NRM) planners must take into account women's limited access to renewable energy sources, lack of property rights, and lack of education. Planners in the past failed to take into account gender constraints and women's environment-related roles. The result is that men and women benefit unequally from project activities, knowledge on NRM was lost, and sustainable development and environmental protection were less effective. Women use natural resources in the collection of water for cooking and cleaning, farming, fishing, and collecting food and firewood. Women affect the environment in their management of sanitation. Programs that succeed in addressing long term needs of communities and households must recognize women's knowledge of the community economy and NRM. Poverty is a constraint to sustainable use of natural resources.
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