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  • Title: Hormonal profile in IUD users.
    Author: Souka AR, Rahman H, Osman M, Mohei Y, Rizk M.
    Journal: Contracept Deliv Syst; 1981 Oct; 2(4):303-10. PubMed ID: 12336991.
    Abstract:
    This study evaluates the hormonal profile of women using 3 different types of IUDs to determine possible effects on ovarian function. 18 normally menstruating parous volunteers aged 20 to 25 years who were non-lactating and were at least 6 months postpartum and postabortive participated in the study. The women were divided into 3 groups, 6 women per group: 1) Lippes Loop C, 2) Cu 7 IUDs, and 3) Progestasert TM systems. Blood samples were collected 1) during 2 cycles in every case for hormonal assay, 2) on the 6th and 9th days of cycle (follicular phase), 3) daily from the 12th to the 16th (periovulatory period), 4) on the 20th and 24th days of the cycle (secretory phase), and 5) on the 1st day of the menstrual flow. Radioimmunoassay was used to determine the following hormones: estradiol 17-beta; serum progesterone; luteinizing hormone (LH); and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). The length of the menstrual cycle was shortened after IUD insertion in cases fitted with Lippes Loop and Cu 7. This was due to the shortening of the luteal phase. The hormonal profile showed a lower midcycle peak of LH compared with control cycles. Serum estradiol analysis showed that estrogen secretion from the growing follicles was relatively lower after the IUD insertion. Serum progesterone levels were in ovulatory levels; however, serum progesterone levels in day +2 postovulatory were lower than the corresponding values in the control cycle. The hormonal profile in women using Lippes Loop or Cu 7 generally showed ovulation, confirming other studies. In those fitted with Progestasert system, the menstrual cycle and luteal phase lengths increased after IUD application by 1.8 and 1.0 days respectively. This is attributed to the effect of the locally released progesterone on the premenstrual endometrium. There were no marked changes in the levels of the hormones studied, suggesting the local action of the device and its lack of influence on the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-ovarian axis. This finding confirms those of other studies. Further studies should include planned laparoscopy around the periovulatory period together with ultrasonic monitoring of follicular development and corpus luteum formation.
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