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  • Title: [Antifertility and therapeutic effects of GnRH (author's transl)].
    Author: Fraser HM.
    Journal: Contracept Fertil Sex (Paris); 1983 Apr; 11(4):609-24. PubMed ID: 12338611.
    Abstract:
    The contraceptive properties of antigonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antibodies, and GnRH antagonists and agonists are examined, and their modes of action and possible therapeutic uses explored in this article. Maximum neutralization of GnRH in women through active immunization requires 2-3 months for the production of antibodies, although other fertility-related changes occur simultaneously; in addition, practical difficulties arise from the individual variability in immune response. Passive immunization is probably a more promising route for fertility suppression. In the past few years a number of GnRH agonists and antagonists have been synthesized and studied using rats and other animal models; the greatest progress in contraceptive development has occurred with GnRH agonists at high doses for short periods or at lower doses over a longer interval. The simplest approach would be to suppress ovulation entirely with a continuous dose of GnRH agonist, and trials among 90 women in Uppsala and Berlin using a nasal spray over 3-12 months did not produce any pregnancies or irreversible effects. Individual variations were noted in the response to treatment, with 20-25% experiencing amenorrhea. Potential problems with the method might be caused by exposure to estrogens in the absence of progesterone or by very low levels of estradiol. At present GnRH agonists do not appear suitable for widespread use in developing countries because of their difficulty of administration, but they may be appropriate for women seeking alternatives to oral contraceptives. Although they represent 1 of the most promising new approaches to contraception, several years of study are still required to resolve problems arising in treatment. They have potential future applications in treatment of conditions such as precocious puberty and tumors dependent on sexual hormones.
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