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  • Title: Studies on membrane-active vaginal spermicides.
    Author: Pearson RM, Hong CY, Patel LG, Turner P, Potts DM, Wheeler R, Zipper J.
    Journal: Contracept Deliv Syst; 1984 Oct; 5(4):303-9. PubMed ID: 12339955.
    Abstract:
    Spermicides have long been used for vaginal contraception. Quinine was the prototype membrane-active drug used as a vaginal spermicide. Subsequently, propranolol, in both racemic and D-isomeric forms, has been shown to be a powerful inhibitor of sperm motility. The transmembrane migration ratio method was used to quantify the effects of various drugs with membrane stabilizing activity such as propranolol on sperm motility in vitro. Preliminary data from a clinical trial suggests that propranolol tablets used as a vaginal spermicide produce a pregnancy rate of between 3-4/100 women-years in a fertile population. Propranolol is extensively absorbed from the vagina since systolic blood pressure fell below baseline values and plasma concentrations were higher after vaginal administration than after oral administration. Pulse rates also declined. The clinical implications of these studies are discussed.
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