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  • Title: Swaziland.
    Author: United Nations. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division, United Nations Fund for Population Activities UNFPA.
    Journal: Popul Policy Compend; 1985 Mar; ():1-6. PubMed ID: 12340741.
    Abstract:
    This discussion of Swaziland covers the following: the history of the country's demographic situation; the government's overall approach to population problems; population data systems and development planning; institutional arrangements for the integration of population within development planning; the government's view of the importance of population policy in achieving development objectives; population size, growth, and natural increase; morbidity and mortality; fertility; international migration; and spatial distribution. Swaziland's 1st organized population count in 1898 estimated the total African population of Swaziland to be 43,512. The most recent population census (1976) enumerated a total population of 519,959. This represents a 32% increase over the 1966 census figure, or an average annual rate of growth of 2.8% between 1966-76. The government does not have an explicit policy to modify fertility or population growth, yet it has explicitly recognized that current levels of fertility and natural increase are very high and has included family planning programs within public health services as a means of bringing about a gradual decline in fertility over the longer term. Over the past decade, a number of surveys of varying scope have been carried out in Swaziland. The government's current policy seeks to resolve population-related problems by means of socioeconomic development, including attempts to slow rural-urban migration through expanded rural development and to provide greater employment opportunities through the promotion of labor-intensive projects. The crude death rate in Swaziland was 17.2/1000 population during 1980-85. Life expectancy at birth was estimated to be 47 years for females and 44 years for males. Infant mortality was estimate to be around 140/1000 live births. The government considers the country's current health conditions and levels of mortality to be unacceptable because they are too high and has identified the 0-5 age group as the target group of particular policy concern. During 1975-80 the crude birthrate was estimated to be 47.6/1000 population and the total fertility rate to be 6.5 births per woman. The government considers levels and trends of fertility to be unsatisfactory because they are too high. The government considers the current pattern of population distribution in Swaziland to be inappropriate, particularly with regard to achieving national development objectives.
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