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  • Title: [Copper-silver T: The classic T resuscitated].
    Author: Jarvela S, Allonen H.
    Journal: Contracept Fertil Sex (Paris); 1986 Jan; 14(1):45-7. PubMed ID: 12341240.
    Abstract:
    Tests of the contraceptive efficacy of different amounts of copper have indicated that effectiveness is proportional to surface area, but the improvement achieved with more than 200 sq mm of copper is minimal. Rates of release of copper vary considerably in different women. IUDs removed because of bleeding had a significantly higher release of copper. 1 consequence of variations in release of copper is unequal dissolution of copper leading to fragmentation of the copper thread. The Nova-T IUD has 200 sq mm of copper and a flexible body which is able to maintain correct placement in the uterus. A new device with a wire of silver coated with copper was designed to avoid the fragmentation of the copper and thus increase the duration of use. The new copper silver T was compared to the Nova-T in a randomized study in Scandinavia. The pregnancy rate after 1 year was under 1% in users aged 30 and over. Cumulative rates after 5 years of use of the Nova-T and copper silver T respectively for women under 25 were 3.0 and 7.1 for pregnancy, 8.2 and 12.5 for expulsion, 27.1 and 30.2 for removal for pain and bleeding, 42.7 and women 25-29 the cumulative rates were 2.6 and 9.0 for pregnancy, 12.3 and 5.8 for expulsion, 26.1 and 21.8 for removal for pain and bleeding, 25.3 and 29.1 for removal for other reasons, and 33.6 and 34.2 for continuation. For women 30-34 cumulative rates were 1.1 and 2.2 for pregnancy, 5.9 and 3.4 f expulsion, 27.4 and 20.6 for removal for pain and bleeding, 17.5 and 22.0 for removal for other reasons, and 48.0 and 51.7 for continuation. Among women 35 and over cumulative rates were .8 and 2.1 for pregnancy, 10.9 and 3.7 for expulsions, 25.0 and 17.6 for removal for pain and bleeding, 18.8 and 12.0 for removal for other reasons, and 44.5 and 64.7 for continuation. Cumulative pregnancy rates were better for the Nova-T after 1, 3, and 5 years of use, but differences diminished with age and parity. After age 30 the pregnancy rate with the copper silver T is particularly appropriate for women whose cervical canals permit insertion of a larger device.
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