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  • Title: The forgotten resource.
    Author: Jacobson JL.
    Journal: World Watch; 1988; 1(3):35-42. PubMed ID: 12342328.
    Abstract:
    The impact of economic development aid on women in the third world has generally been adverse, even though they are the core of food production and family economy. In the developing world, women provide 50% of the agricultural labor, and grow 80% of family food in Africa, 60% in Asia, and 46% in the Caribbean. They work 10-16 hours a day, foraging for fuel, fodder and water, raising children, as well as doing the required "woman's work" on husbands' fields, while husbands work 6-8 hours, and keep money they earn from cash crops separate. Some of the trends in economic aid in the last 30 years that adversely affect women include: emphasizing cash export crops, providing credit to men to excluding collateral women can provide, privatizing and turning over to men common farm lands, supporting cash crop timber rather than natural forests, providing farm machinery for men's crops that women are obliged to tend after initial clearing, providing cash-intensive hybrid maize rather than sorghum or millet that women raise for families, and directing aid for livestock to men when women traditionally raise them. Traditional cultural, religious and legal barriers do exist against women, yet colonial, common, and Napoleonic law has codified them. New trends in foreign aid include laws in Canada and Italy requiring more gender equitable programs, and a review requirement for USAID by the Women in Development Act enacted in 1988.
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