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  • Title: Birth control vaccines.
    Author: Basten A.
    Journal: Baillieres Clin Immunol Allergy; 1988 Oct; 2(3):759-74. PubMed ID: 12342688.
    Abstract:
    The status and prospectus of developing birth control vaccines, that is vaccines against hormones, sperm or pre-embryonic structures that may confer temporary infertility, are reviewed. An acceptable vaccine must be directed against an antigen that is ephemeral, specific and preferably protein, and the vaccine itself must be 90% effective, consistent, reversible, free of side effects, and preferably a single injection. Chorionic gonadotropins are the most successful antigens so far. Phase I clinical trials have been conducted in India and Scandinavia, sponsored by the Population Council, of anti beta-hCG- tetanus toxoid, combined alpha-ovine-LH-beta-hCG bound to tetanus toxoid and cholera toxin chain B, and a combined ovine and human antigen in an alum and LPS adjuvant. Trials of a CTP-beta-hCG-diphtheria toxoid in Australia sponsored by WHO resulted in titers deemed high enough to neutralize functional hCG levels. Research on nonhormonal antigens currently involves several sperm antigens, trophoblast antigens, and most successful to date, zona pellucida antigens. A purified porcine sperm receptor has been used to produce antibodies effective against pregnancy in laboratory animals. Another aspect of research on antifertility vaccines is the search for the best vaccine delivery system, especially on formulations that permit stable vaccines with single injections. Best hopes focus on microsphere systems. Future research may look into possible T-cell-mediated responses.
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