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  • Title: An analysis of changes in Chinese migrants' income.
    Author: Wang Y.
    Journal: Chin J Popul Sci; 1990; 2(4):331-8. PubMed ID: 12343589.
    Abstract:
    Migration in China is analyzed in terms of migration income, the effect of changes in income on migratory behavior before and after economic reforms, and a comparison of migrants' income by city size (metropolis; large, medium, or small city; and town). Data were obtained from the 1986 sample survey of 74 cities and towns and population migration. Migration is defined as crossing over an administrative urban area from an original place of residence for more than 1 year, regardless of whether the residence permit was changes or not. Monthly income/capita in 1978 and 1986 is the income measure. Correlations between income and migration generated by the Q index reveal that there is a positive correlation between migratory behavior and individual income in the urban population such that migrants income is higher than nonmigrants. The correlation becomes stronger over time, such that migrants' income is higher in 1986 than nonmigrants' in 1986. Correlation in 1978 was .191 and .341 in 1986, which indicates a weak relationship. The interpretation is that migrants move to increase income level, which is supported by research in the US and the USSR. The cultural and age composition of the migrant population also suggests that those with stronger capabilities are migrants. There is also regional disparity in workers' salaries, and the permit system before 1978 was restrictive. The stronger correlation in 1986 is attributed to policy changes and an increased level of socioeconomic development and ownership structure. The generally weak correlation is attributed to the state of developing economy where there does not yet exist full scale freedom of mobility, a full scale open labor market, or full scale competition for employment. There are 2 categories of population employment: salaried employees and gross national product i.e., one sector is protected by state economic and social welfare policies and another sector which is under restrictions. This phenomena is explicated in a diagram. Salary level does not reflect supply and demand. The correlations in 1978 for medium-sized cities showed the strongest positive correlation, followed by less strong correlations for small cities, and a low positive correlation for metropolises and large cities. There was a change in 1986 to large cities as the strongest positive correlation and stronger than in 1978 (.623 for large cities vs. .532 for medium-sized cities), followed by medium-sized cities and towns. Metropolises were still low. In the analyses by occupation, it appears that the distributions by occupation are not very different by size of city. The changes in large cities are due to the insulation from employment difficulties suffered by other cities, rapid increase in wages in regular occupations and for the in-migrant population not in full employment, unemployment was highest in the smaller cities, income disparity was decreased, and the income of migrants in business would be greater in large cities.
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