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  • Title: Salivary secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor is associated with reduced transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 through breast milk.
    Author: Farquhar C, VanCott TC, Mbori-Ngacha DA, Horani L, Bosire RK, Kreiss JK, Richardson BA, John-Stewart GC.
    Journal: J Infect Dis; 2002 Oct 15; 186(8):1173-6. PubMed ID: 12355371.
    Abstract:
    Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a protein found in saliva, breast milk, and genital secretions, is capable of inhibiting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 in vitro. The aim of this study was to determine whether SLPI in infant saliva provides protection against mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission. In total, 602 saliva specimens were collected from 188 infants at birth and at ages 1, 3, and 6 months. Infants' median salivary SLPI concentrations were higher at birth than at 6 months (341 vs. 219 ng/mL; P=.001). There was no association between SLPI concentration and HIV-1 transmission overall. However, among 122 breast-fed infants who were HIV-1 uninfected at 1 month, higher salivary SLPI levels were associated with a decreased risk of HIV-1 transmission through breast milk (hazard ratio, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-0.9; P=.03). These results suggest that SLPI plays an important role in reducing HIV-1 transmission through breast milk.
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