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  • Title: Reduction of morphine-withdrawal body shakes by a conditional stimulus in the rat.
    Author: Numan R, Smith N, Lal H.
    Journal: Psychopharmacol Commun; 1975; 1(3):295-303. PubMed ID: 1241454.
    Abstract:
    Narcotic dependence in rats was established, in five days, by administering intravenous injections of morphine sulfate in increasing doses. From day six onward, dependence was maintained by administering a morphine injection (15 mg/kg) every 6 h throughout the day, and each of these injections was paired with a tone. After 16 morphine-tone pairings, test trials, in which the tone was presented in the absence of morphine, were instituted. These tone presentations significantly reduced morphine-withdrawal "wet shakes" in rats which received morphine-tone pairings, but not in rats which received control treatments.
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