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  • Title: Endogenous plasma membrane t-SNARE syntaxin 4 is present in rab11 positive endosomal membranes and associates with cortical actin cytoskeleton.
    Author: Band AM, Ali H, Vartiainen MK, Welti S, Lappalainen P, Olkkonen VM, Kuismanen E.
    Journal: FEBS Lett; 2002 Nov 20; 531(3):513-9. PubMed ID: 12435603.
    Abstract:
    Membrane fusion requires the formation of a complex between a vesicle protein (v-SNARE) and the target membrane proteins (t-SNAREs). Syntaxin 4 is a t-SNARE that, according to previous overexpression studies, is predominantly localized at the plasma membrane. In the present study endogenous syntaxin 4 was found in intracellular vesicular structures in addition to regions of the plasma membrane. In these vesicular structures syntaxin 4 colocalized with rab11, a marker of recycling endosomes. Furthermore, syntaxin 4 colocalized with actin at the dynamic regions of the plasma membrane. Treatment with N-ethylmaleimide, the membrane transport inhibitor, caused an increased accumulation of syntaxin 4/rab11 positive vesicles in actin filament-like structures. Finally, purified recombinant syntaxin 4 but not syntaxin 2 or 3 cosedimented with actin filaments in vitro, suggesting direct interaction between these two proteins. Taken together, these data suggest that syntaxin 4 regulates secretion at the actin-rich areas of the plasma membrane and may be recycled through rab11 positive intracellular membranes.
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