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  • Title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands increase release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells.
    Author: Calnek DS, Mazzella L, Roser S, Roman J, Hart CM.
    Journal: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol; 2003 Jan 01; 23(1):52-7. PubMed ID: 12524224.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands reduce lesion formation in animal models of atherosclerosis by mechanisms that have not been defined completely. We hypothesized that PPARgamma ligands stimulate endothelial-derived nitric oxide release (*NO) to protect the vascular wall. METHODS AND RESULTS: The PPARgamma ligands, 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) or ciglitazone, stimulated a PPAR response element-luciferase reporter construct in transfected porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs), demonstrating that PPARgamma was transcriptionally functional. Treatment with 15d-PGJ2 or ciglitazone significantly increased release of *NO from PAECs or human aortic endothelial cells and augmented calcium ionophore-induced *NO release from human umbilical vein endothelial cells measured by chemiluminescence analysis of culture media. Increases in *NO release caused by treatment with 15d-PGJ2 occurred at 24 hours, but not after 1 to 16 hours, and were abrogated by treatment with the transcriptional inhibitor alpha-amanitin. Overexpression of PPARgamma or treatment with 9-cis retinoic acid also enhanced PAEC *NO release. Neither 15d-PGJ2 nor ciglitazone altered eNOS mRNA, whereas 15d-PGJ2, but not ciglitazone, decreased eNOS protein. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these findings demonstrate that PPARgamma ligands stimulate *NO release from endothelial cells derived from multiple vascular sites, through a transcriptional mechanism unrelated to eNOS expression.
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