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  • Title: Use of scanning laser ophthalmoscope microperimetry in clinically significant macular edema in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Author: Mori F, Ishiko S, Kitaya N, Hikichi T, Sato E, Takamiya A, Yoshida A.
    Journal: Jpn J Ophthalmol; 2002; 46(6):650-5. PubMed ID: 12543192.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: We used scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) microperimetry to evaluate scotomas in patients with clinically significant diabetic macular edema (CSME) in type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: We studied 19 patients (mean age = 63 years; range, 45-78 years) (19 eyes). SLO microperimetry was performed in all eyes. We divided patients into three groups as follows: dense scotoma, relative scotoma, and no scotoma. The following variables were documented: age; duration of diabetes, hemoglobin A(1c) levels; logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (Log(MAR)) visual acuity; refractive power; a history of panretinal photocoagulation; presence or absence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, vitreomacular separation, and cystoid changes; the type of macular edema; and stability of fixation. All variables were compared in the three groups. RESULTS: We identified 4 eyes (21.1%) with dense scotoma, 10 (52.6%) with relative scotoma, and 5 (26.3%) with no scotoma. There were significant differences in log(MAR) visual acuity among those with dense scotoma (1.4 +/- 0.5), relative scotoma (0.6 +/- 0.2), and no scotoma (0.2 +/- 0.3) (P <.05), and in the prevalence of cystoid changes, diffuse edema, and unstable fixation among those with dense scotoma (75%, 75%, and 100%, respectively), relative scotoma (20%, 30% and 50%, respectively) and no scotoma (0%, 0% and 0%, respectively) (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: Macular scotoma was observed by SLO microperimetry in 74% of the patients in this study. A scotoma in CSME is related to the formation of cystoid changes and the type of macular edema. In eyes with CSME in type 2 diabetes mellitus, a scotoma in the macula causes visual acuity impairment and unstable fixation.
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