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  • Title: Validation of a Spanish translation of the CLOX for use in Hispanic samples: the Hispanic EPESE study.
    Author: Royall DR, Espino DV, Polk MJ, Verdeja R, Vale S, Gonzales H, Palmer RR, Markides KP.
    Journal: Int J Geriatr Psychiatry; 2003 Feb; 18(2):135-41. PubMed ID: 12571822.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVES: Clock drawing tests (CDT) appear to be less vulnerable to linguistic, cultural, or educational bias than traditional dementia screening instruments. We investigated a Spanish language translation of CLOX: an executive CDT, in a community sample of Hispanic elders. METHODS: In-home CLOX evaluations of 1309 Mexican-American elders were reviewed. RESULTS: Both CLOX1 (an executive CDT) and CLOX2 (a constructional CDT) showed good internal consistency (Chronbach's alpha; both alpha = 0.82). Cultural-demographic variables had little effect on CLOX scores. Although language had a significant effect on CLOX1 failure rates, this was not mediated by age, education, acculturation or income. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the Spanish CLOX can be validly administered to community-based Hispanic elder samples regardless of education or acculturation.
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