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  • Title: The effects of folic acid in the prevention of neural tube development defects caused by phenytoin in early chick embryos.
    Author: Güney O, Canbilen A, Konak A, Acar O.
    Journal: Spine (Phila Pa 1976); 2003 Mar 01; 28(5):442-5. PubMed ID: 12616154.
    Abstract:
    STUDY DESIGN: The effects of phenytoin and folic acid on the development of neural tube defects in early chick embryos were studies. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of folic acid in the prevention of neural tube development defects. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Several studies have shown that phenytoin selectively inhibits neural tube closure. Folic acid supplementation has been reported to decrease the occurrence of neural tube defects. METHODS: This study shows the effects of folic acid in preventing neural tube development defects caused by phenytoin in chicks based on light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and histopathological examination. Forty-five fertile Hubbard Broil eggs, all at Stage 8 (four somite) of development, were divided into three equal groups: Group 1 embryos (n = 15), the control group, were explanted and grown for 18 hours in a nutrient medium (thin albumin). Group 2 embryos (n = 15) were explanted and grown for 18 hours in a nutrient medium containing 500 microg/mL of phenytoin. Group 3 embryos (n = 15) were explanted and grown for 18 hours in a nutrient medium containing 500 microg/mL of phenytoin and 0.4 microg/mL of folic acid. RESULTS: After the incubation period, 86.6% of the control embryos (Group 1) had intact neural tubes; 80% of Group 2 and 46.6% of Group 3 embryos showed neural tube defects. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that phenytoin causes neural tube defects, whereas folic acid decreases the incidence of neural tube development defects caused by phenytoin in early chick embryos.
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