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  • Title: Rice as the most influential source of cadmium intake among general Japanese population.
    Author: Tsukahara T, Ezaki T, Moriguchi J, Furuki K, Shimbo S, Matsuda-Inoguchi N, Ikeda M.
    Journal: Sci Total Environ; 2003 Apr 15; 305(1-3):41-51. PubMed ID: 12670756.
    Abstract:
    The objective of the present study is to examine whether rice is still a leading source of cadmium (Cd) burden among general populations in Japan. For this purpose, 10 prefectures were selected from all over Japan (including the northern- and southern-most Hokkaido and Okinawa prefecture, respectively). Cadmium levels in urine of never-smoking women (corrected for creatinine; Cd-Ucr) were compared with the rice- and wheat product-based Cd intake, which were estimated from Cd contents in rice and wheat (in the forms of bread, noodle and flour) consumed by residents in the areas, and per-capita daily consumption of rice and wheat. Stepwise multiple regression analysis taking Cd-Ucr as a dependent variable and rice- or wheat product-based Cd intakes as independent variables showed that rice was the most influential and almost exclusive variable with a partial correlation coefficient of 0.770-0.832, explaining 59-69% of total variation in Cd-Ucr. The effects of other sources including wheat were essentially negligible.
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