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  • Title: Essential role of MD-2 in B-cell responses to lipopolysaccharide and Toll-like receptor 4 distribution.
    Author: Miyake K, Nagai Y, Akashi S, Nagafuku M, Ogata M, Kosugi A.
    Journal: J Endotoxin Res; 2002; 8(6):449-52. PubMed ID: 12697088.
    Abstract:
    Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mediates lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signaling in a variety of cell types. MD-2 is associated with the extracellular domain of TLR4 and augments TLR4-dependent LPS responses in vitro. Moreover, mice lacking MD-2 (MD-2(-/-)) do not respond to LPS, survive endotoxin shock, and are susceptible to Salmonella typhimurium infection. Here, we further show that B cells lacking MD-2 do not up-regulate CD23 in response to LPS. TLR4 predominantly resides in the Golgi apparatus without MD-2. MD-2 is essential for LPS responses in vivo.
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