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  • Title: Gingival bleeding on probing increases after quitting smoking.
    Author: Nair P, Sutherland G, Palmer RM, Wilson RF, Scott DA.
    Journal: J Clin Periodontol; 2003 May; 30(5):435-7. PubMed ID: 12716336.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Gingival inflammation associated with plaque accumulation is delayed or impaired in smokers. Anecdotal evidence suggests that smokers who quit experience an increase in gingival bleeding. METHOD: A group of 27 subjects on a Quit-smoking programme were examined for changes in gingival health over a 4-6-week period. RESULTS: The bleeding on probing with a constant force probe increased from 16% of sites to 32% of sites, despite improvements in the subjects oral hygiene. CONCLUSION: This provides further evidence that tobacco smoking affects the inflammatory response and that these changes are reversible on quitting.
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