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  • Title: Removal of fish pathogenic bacteria in biological sand filters.
    Author: Bomo AM, Husby A, Stevik TK, Hanssen JF.
    Journal: Water Res; 2003 Jun; 37(11):2618-26. PubMed ID: 12753839.
    Abstract:
    Documentation is required to evaluate the use of infiltration systems as an alternative method for removal of fish pathogenic bacteria in wastewater from fish-farms. This study was performed to investigate the removal of bacterial fish pathogens in biological sand filters. A second aim of the study was to evaluate the bacteria used in the study in order to find a suitable model organism for future experiments. Low-strength wastewater from an inland freshwater salmonid farm was intermittently loaded (70 mm/day in 24 doses) to filter columns containing either fine sand (d(10)=0.25) or coarse sand (d(10)=0.86). After a wastewater loading period of 10 weeks, separate sand columns were seeded with Yersinia ruckeri, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, respectively, for a period of 30 days. All the bacteria showed the same removal performance during the experiment, with a significantly lower removal in the beginning of the experiment (day 1-7) compared to mid- and late-phase (day 12-30). In mid- and late-phase the removal stabilized at a high level (>99.9%) for all the bacteria. The hydrophobic cell surface properties of the Aeromonads were higher than Ps. fluorescens and Y. ruckeri. This can possibly explain the significantly higher (P<0.05) removal efficiencies seen for A. hydrophila and A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida compared to Y. ruckeri and Ps. fluorescens. Results were promising with regard to the use of low-cost infiltration systems as an alternative disinfection method for fish-farm wastewater. Following the criteria for a suitable model organism (removal efficiency, detection in filter effluent and die-off in storage tanks), Y. ruckeri was found to be a feasible model organism for use in future experiments.
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