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  • Title: Seismic evidence for water deep in Earth's upper mantle.
    Author: van der Meijde M, Marone F, Giardini D, van der Lee S.
    Journal: Science; 2003 Jun 06; 300(5625):1556-8. PubMed ID: 12791988.
    Abstract:
    Water in the deep upper mantle can influence the properties of seismic discontinuities in the mantle transition zone. Observations of converted seismic waves provide evidence of a 20- to 35-kilometer-thick discontinuity near a depth of 410 kilometers, most likely explained by as much as 700 parts per million of water by weight.
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