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  • Title: Response of Ethiopian human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates to antiviral compounds.
    Author: Wondimu Z, Sönnerborg A, Ayehunie S, Britton S, Strannegård O.
    Journal: Antiviral Res; 1992 Oct 01; 19(4):353-9. PubMed ID: 1281393.
    Abstract:
    Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates of 8 Ethiopian and 8 Swedish untreated AIDS-patients were examined for their sensitivity to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI) and leukocyte-derived interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). No significant difference in drug sensitivity was found between Ethiopian and Swedish isolates, which all were sensitive to AZT, ddI and IFN-alpha except for one Swedish isolate. This isolate exhibited a mutation at amino acid position 215. These results suggest that it should be possible to perform clinical trials in Ethiopia using the same dose regimens as in Sweden. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) isolates from 8 Ethiopian and 8 Swedish AIDS patients, none of them treated with antiviral drugs, were compared for sensitivity to azido-deoxy-thymidine (AZT), dideoxy-inosine (ddI) and interferon-alpha. HIV was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear class, identified by Western blot and nucleotide sequencing, and passaged 1-3 times. Sensitivity to the 3 drugs, expressed as ED50s relative to positive controls, was determined by culturing HIV in the presence of drugs in a range of concentrations and assaying the supernatant for p24 antigen and the virus pellet for reverse transcriptase (RT). Dose-dependent anti-HIV activity for AZT was seen in the 8 Ethiopian isolates, and ED50s for p24 antigen and RT activity were correlated. 1 Ethiopian HIV isolate was sensitive to ddI, and another, to interferon-alpha. 1 Swedish HIV was resistant to AZT, and on analysis had a mutation from threonine to tyrosine at position 215. There were no significant differences between ED50s for interferon in the Swedish and Ethiopian HIVs. Combined data for each drug showed correlation between the p24 antigen and RT activities of the Ethiopian and Swedish HIVs. Since there was no resistance observed in the Ethiopian HIV to AZT or ddI, low-dose treatment would probably slow progression of HIV infection in Ethiopians, if these drugs could be made available for clinical trials.
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